Walter C. Alvarez. Courtesy of the National Library of Medicine (B029601).
12
Image
Alvarez, Walter Clement (1884-1978)
In
Article
Alvarez, Walter Clement (1884-1978), physician, medical researcher, and medical columnist
Clark W. Nelson
Alvarez, Walter Clement (22 July 1884–16 June 1978), physician, medical researcher, and medical columnist, was born in San Francisco, California, the son of Luis Fernandez Alvarez, a physician, and Clementina Schuetze. When Alvarez was three, his family moved to Hawaii, where his father was a government physician in two isolated Oahu villages. Alvarez was eleven when his father established a Honolulu hospital for lepers and attempted to develop a serum to combat the disease. While assisting his father, Alvarez resolved to become a physician....
Article
Barber, Jesse Max (1878-1949), African-American journalist, dentist, and civil rights activist
Ralph E. Luker
Barber, Jesse Max (05 July 1878–23 September 1949), African-American journalist, dentist, and civil rights activist, was born in Blackstock, South Carolina, the son of Jesse Max Barber and Susan Crawford, former slaves. Barber studied in public schools for African-American students and at Friendship Institute in Rock Hill, South Carolina, where he graduated as valedictorian. In 1901 he completed the normal school course for teachers at Benedict College in Columbia, South Carolina, and afterward entered Virginia Union University in Richmond. There Barber was president of the literary society and edited the ...
Image
Brothers, Joyce (20 October 1927–13 May 2013)
In
Joyce Brothers. Dr. Joyce Brothers, half-length portrait, facing slightly left, holding a book she wrote, 1957. Photographic print by Phyllis Twacht. Courtesy of the Library of Congress (LC-USZ62-117953).
Article
Brothers, Joyce (20 October 1927–13 May 2013)
Bruce J. Evensen
Brothers, Joyce (20 October 1927–13 May 2013), psychologist, television and radio personality, and columnist, was born Joyce Diane Bauer in Brooklyn, New York, to Morris K. Bauer and Estelle Rappaport Bauer, a Jewish couple who shared a law practice. She and sister, Elaine, were raised in Queens, where Joyce was an honors student at Far Rockaway High School....
Image
Bruce, Archibald (1777-1818)
In
Archibald Bruce. Courtesy of the National Library of Medicine (B03753).
Article
Bruce, Archibald (1777-1818), physician, mineralogist, and editor
Julie R. Newell
Bruce, Archibald ( February 1777–22 February 1818), physician, mineralogist, and editor, was born in New York City, the son of William Bruce, a British army medical officer, and Judith Bayard Van Rensselaer. Despite his father’s expressed wish, Bruce pursued medical education and practice. After taking an A.B. at Columbia College in 1797, he continued his studies in New York and then moved on to Edinburgh (M.D., 1800). As was common in this period, his medical education included exposure to the natural sciences, and Bruce developed a lifelong interest in mineralogy. After completing his M.D., he extended his European stay with travels on the Continent to study mineralogy and collect materials for his own mineralogical cabinet....
Image
Cattell, James McKeen (1860-1944)
In
James McKeen Cattell [left to right] Herbert E. Ives and James McKeen Cattell, 1934. Courtesy of the Library of Congress (LC-USZ62-114340).
Article
Cattell, James McKeen (1860-1944), psychologist and editor
Michael M. Sokal
Cattell, James McKeen (25 May 1860–20 January 1944), psychologist and editor, was born in Easton, Pennsylvania, the son of William C. Cattell, a Presbyterian minister and president of Lafayette College in Easton, and Elizabeth McKeen, the daughter of James McKeen, the college’s most generous benefactor. Cattell grew up as the scion of Easton’s leading family, and even as a student at Lafayette (A.B., 1880) he came to expect the deference of others. His family’s closeness led him to study the ethics of Comtean positivism, which idealized the mother’s sacrifice in childbirth as the model of all altruistic behavior. At Lafayette, the teaching of philologist Francis Andrew March—especially March’s emphasis on the philosophy of Francis Bacon—impressed him. Cattell developed an approach to science that combined a Comtean emphasis on quantification with a Baconian appreciation for the hypothesis-free collection of empirical “facts” and the usefulness of science. Throughout his career he adopted methods that produced quantitative data about psychological phenomena, even if he often could not explain them....
Article
Gaillard, Edwin Samuel (1827-1885), medical educator and editor
Charles W. Carey Jr.
Gaillard, Edwin Samuel (16 January 1827–02 February 1885), medical educator and editor, was born near Charleston, South Carolina, the son of Edwin Gaillard and Mary White. He received a B.A. from South Carolina College (later the University of South Carolina) in 1845 and an M.D. from the Medical College of the State of South Carolina (now part of the University of South Carolina) in 1854. He then moved to Florida, where he opened a general medical practice. In 1856 he married Jane Marshall Thomas, with whom he had no children. He relocated his practice to New York City the following year but closed it in 1860 after his wife’s death. He then studied medicine for a year in Europe and in 1861 settled in Baltimore, Maryland....
Image
Gould, George Milbry (1848-1922)
In
George Milbry Gould. Courtesy of the Clendening History of Medicine Library, University of Kansas Medical Center.
Article
Gould, George Milbry (1848-1922), medical editor and writer
Sam Alewitz
Gould, George Milbry (08 November 1848–08 August 1922), medical editor and writer, was born in Auburn, Maine, the son of George Thomas Gould and Eliza A. Lapham, professions unknown. His mother died when he was very young, and he moved with his father and stepmother to Salina, Ohio. He received his early education in the Salina public schools. In 1861, at the start of the Civil War, he enlisted in the Sixty-third Ohio Volunteers of the Union army as a drummer boy. He served for eighteen months before he was discharged because of illness. In 1864 he enlisted as a soldier in the 141st Ohio Volunteers and was discharged when the war ended. He attended Ohio Wesleyan University and graduated in 1873 with an A.B. To pay for his undergraduate education, Gould worked as a compositor in a printing shop. He left Ohio, entered the Harvard Divinity School, and graduated in 1874 with a bachelor of sacred theology degree, followed by postgraduate studies in Paris, Leipzig, and Berlin....
Article
Harris, Seale (1870-1957), physician and medical writer and editor
James A. Pittman
Harris, Seale (13 March 1870–16 March 1957), physician and medical writer and editor, was born in Cedartown, Georgia, the son of Charles Hooks Harris, a medical doctor, and Margaret Ann Monk. Harris received his early education in Cedartown and nearby Marietta, Georgia. During these years he often drove his father’s horse and buggy to the homes of patients, where the majority of his father’s practice occurred. At age nineteen he was rodman on a team of engineers surveying in South Carolina for what became the Seaboard Air Line Railroad Co. During this time Seale received a letter from his brother James, who along with two other brothers offered to lend him money to attend the University of Georgia and then to obtain a medical degree from the Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons in New York City. He finished his two years at Georgia but was frightened away from New York by a cholera scare. He entered the University of Virginia medical school in 1892, living there in a room previously occupied by ...
Article
Ingelfinger, Franz Joseph (1910-1980), research physician and editor
Elizabeth Noble Shor
Ingelfinger, Franz Joseph (20 August 1910–26 March 1980), research physician and editor, was born in Dresden, Germany, the son of Joseph Ingelfinger, an assistant professor of bacteriology at the University of Göttingen, and Eleanor Holden, an American schoolteacher. In 1922 the family moved to Boston, Massachusetts, where Ingelfinger’s parents encouraged him in literary pursuits, and he helped his mother tutor students in English. After attending Phillips Andover Academy in New Hampshire, Ingelfinger entered Yale University. There he majored in English, played on the football team, took premedical courses in his senior year, and received an A.B. in 1932. He became a U.S. citizen in 1931....
Article
Jelliffe, Smith Ely (1886-1945), neurologist, psychoanalyst, and medical editor
David Krasner
Jelliffe, Smith Ely (27 October 1886–25 September 1945), neurologist, psychoanalyst, and medical editor, was born in New York City, the son of William Munson Jelliffe and Susan Emma Kitchell, both teachers. Jelliffe entered the civil engineering program at Brooklyn Polytechnic Institute and left without graduating in 1886 to enroll in the College of Physicians and Surgeons in New York City. He received his M.D. with honors in 1889 and interned for a year at St. Mary’s Hospital, Brooklyn, after which he traveled to Europe for a year. There he studied medicine and botany and visited cultural and historical sites. On his return in 1891, Jelliffe opened a general practice in his parents’ home in Brooklyn. To pay off his debts he did part-time clinical and pathological work in a hospital. His botanical studies in Europe had also qualified him to be a sanitary inspector for the Brooklyn Board of Health and to teach materia medica and botany at the Brooklyn College of Pharmacy at night. In 1894 Jelliffe married his longtime fiancée, Helena Dewey Leeming. The couple moved to New York City where they had five children. A year after his wife’s sudden death in 1916, he married Belinda Dobson; they had no children....
Article
Kelly, Aloysius Oliver Joseph (1870-1911), physician, medical educator, and writer
Sam Alewitz
Kelly, Aloysius Oliver Joseph (13 June 1870–23 February 1911), physician, medical educator, and writer, was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the son of Joseph Vincent Kelly, a physician and superintendent of St. Mary’s Hospital, and Emma Jane Ferguson. Little is known about his childhood. He received his A.B. degree from LaSalle College, Philadelphia, in 1888 at the age of eighteen, and three years later the school awarded him a Master of Arts degree. After college he enrolled in the University of Pennsylvania Medical School, and he graduated with an M.D. in 1891. He was then appointed to a one-year residency at the St. Agnes Hospital in Philadelphia. From 1892 to 1894 he studied in Vienna, Heidelberg, Dublin, Prague, and London with such notable physicians as Franz Chvostek, Anton Weichselbaum, and Arnold Paltauf....
Article
Lape, Esther Everett (8 Oct. 1881–17 May 1981), journalist, World Court advocate, and medical care activist
Maurine H. Beasley
Lape, Esther Everett (8 Oct. 1881–17 May 1981), journalist, World Court advocate, and medical care activist, was born in Wilmington, Delaware, the daughter of Henry Lape and Esther E. Butler, both Quakers. Receiving her primary and secondary education in public schools in Philadelphia, she attended Bryn Mawr College on a scholarship but transferred to Wellesley College where she received a bachelor’s degree in ...
Image
Martin, Franklin Henry (1857-1935)
In
Franklin Henry Martin. Courtesy of the Clendening History of Medicine Library, University of Kansas Medical Center.
Article
Martin, Franklin Henry (1857-1935), surgeon, organizer, and editor
William K. Beatty
Martin, Franklin Henry (13 July 1857–07 March 1935), surgeon, organizer, and editor, was born on a farm near Ixonia, Wisconsin, the son of Edmond Martin and Josephine Carlin, farmers. Martin’s father died in the Union army in 1862. Five years later his mother remarried, and young Martin was put under the care of his maternal grandparents. After passing the teacher’s examination, he taught at several village schools....
Article
Mathews, Joseph McDowell (1847-1928), surgeon and medical editor
Eugene H. Conner
Mathews, Joseph McDowell (26 May 1847–02 December 1928), surgeon and medical editor, was born in New Castle, Henry County, Kentucky, the son of Caleb M. Mathews, a lawyer and jurist, and Frances S. Edwards. Educated at the New Castle Academy, Mathews began his medical preceptorship in his home town under his brother-in-law, William B. Oldham. Beginning in 1865 he attended two sessions of medical lectures at the Kentucky School of Medicine in Louisville, Kentucky, obtaining his M.D. in 1867 from the University of Louisville Medical Department, during a brief consolidation of the schools. Following graduation he returned home and began the general practice of medicine with his former preceptor. He remained there for five years, but desiring to practice in a larger community, he moved to Louisville. He married Sallie E. Berry of Midway, Woodford County, Kentucky, in 1877; they had no children....
12
