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Allen, Alexander Viets Griswold (1841-1908), Episcopal priest, theologian, and educator  

William L. Sachs

Allen, Alexander Viets Griswold (04 May 1841–01 July 1908), Episcopal priest, theologian, and educator, was born in Otis, Massachusetts, the son of Ethan Allen, a teacher and Episcopal priest, and Lydia Child Burr. His father served churches in Massachusetts and Vermont. Both parents were strongly evangelical in the Episcopal manner of the time, emphasizing biblical authority and teaching more than sacramental theology—a conviction that produced conflict in several of the churches that Allen’s father served. Their piety shaped Allen’s early views, leading him to enroll at Kenyon College in Gambier, Ohio, in 1859. Kenyon was an Episcopal institution then of an evangelical stamp. An excellent student, Allen delivered the valedictory address upon graduating in 1862 and immediately entered Bexley Hall, a theological seminary in Gambier....

Article

Brownell, Thomas Church (1779-1865), Episcopal bishop and college president  

Don S. Armentrout

Brownell, Thomas Church (19 October 1779–13 January 1865), Episcopal bishop and college president, was born in Westport, Massachusetts, the son of Sylvester Brownell and Nancy Church, farmers. After studying at Bristol Academy in Taunton, Massachusetts, he entered the College of Rhode Island at Providence (now Brown University) in 1800. In 1802 the president of the college, ...

Article

Coit, Henry Augustus (1830-1895), clergyman and educator  

David Hein

Coit, Henry Augustus (20 January 1830–05 February 1895), clergyman and educator, was born in Wilmington, Delaware, the son of Joseph Howland Coit, a priest of the Episcopal church, and Harriet Jane Hard. He spent most of his childhood in Plattsburgh, New York, where his father was rector of Trinity Church. He attended ...

Article

Cutler, Timothy (1684-1765), clergyman and educator  

Allen C. Guelzo

Cutler, Timothy (31 May 1684–17 August 1765), clergyman and educator, was born in Charlestown, Massachusetts, the son of Major John Cutler, an anchorsmith and member of the General Court, and Martha Wiswall. Although his parents were well-to-do Jacobite sympathizers, Cutler was baptized as a Congregationalist, took his A.B. at Harvard College in 1701, and was admitted to membership in the Charlestown Congregational parish in 1705. It is not clear when he decided to enter the Congregational ministry, and since he was marked as a young man “of an high, lofty, & despotic mien,” he did not promise to be overly popular as a minister among provincial New Englanders. On the other hand, that same “lofty” superiority gave him a valuable credential in the eyes of an emerging New England merchant class that was anxious to match the social allure of Church of England missions with examples of an equally elite Congregational ministry. To that end, Cutler was called in 1709 to the Congregational parish of Stratford, Connecticut, where a Church of England mission (under the auspices of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel) had established a small but threatening presence in the Connecticut colony. He was ordained there on 11 January 1710. One year later, he married Elizabeth Andrew; they had eight children....

Article

De Koven, James (1831-1879), Episcopal priest and educator  

Thomas C. Reeves

De Koven, James (19 September 1831–19 March 1879), Episcopal priest and educator, was born in Middletown, Connecticut, the son of Henry Louis De Koven, a banker, and Margaret Sebor. He grew up in a large and affluent family in Brooklyn Heights, New York, and at an early age showed exceptional intellectual ability. De Koven graduated from Columbia College in 1851 and the General Theological Seminary in 1854. While in seminary he helped form a “ragged school” for poor boys that met on Sundays....

Article

Gallaudet, Thomas (1822-1902), Episcopal minister to the deaf  

Harvey Hill

Gallaudet, Thomas (03 June 1822–27 August 1902), Episcopal minister to the deaf, was born in Hartford, Connecticut, the son of Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet, educator of the deaf, and Sophia Fowler. Thomas Hopkins had founded the Connecticut Asylum, a school for the deaf in Hartford in 1817, and Sophia was one of its first graduates. They had little money but their work was well known and brought them into contact with the highest echelons of society. Growing up in these surroundings, Thomas early became interested in education for the deaf and particularly in communication through sign language....

Article

Gavin, Frank Stanton Burns (1890-1938), Episcopal theologian and church historian  

Donald S. Armentrout

Gavin, Frank Stanton Burns (31 October 1890–20 March 1938), Episcopal theologian and church historian, was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, the son of William James Gavin, a physician, and Laura Adelaide Burns. In 1907 he entered the University of Cincinnati, from which he received the A.B. in 1912. While there he also took courses at Xavier University and at Hebrew Union College. In 1912 Gavin entered the General Theological Seminary in New York City; while there he also studied at Columbia University, where he was a University Fellow in Semitics (1913–1914). He received his M.A. in Semitic languages from Columbia in 1915, his S.T.B. from General Theological in 1915, and his Ph.D. from Columbia in 1922. His dissertation, “Aphraates and the Jews: A Study of the Controversial Homilies of the Persian Sage in Their Relation to Jewish Thought,” published in the ...

Article

Henry, Caleb Sprague (1804-1884), educator, pastor, and author  

Steven L. Porter

Henry, Caleb Sprague (02 August 1804–09 March 1884), educator, pastor, and author, was born in Rutland, Massachusetts, the son of Silas Henry and Dorothy Pierce. Henry received his A.B. from Dartmouth in 1825 and later studied at Andover Theological Seminary. At twenty-four years of age, Henry was ordained a pastor in the Congregational denomination and served at churches in Greenfield, Mississippi (1829–1831), and in West Hartford, Connecticut (1833–1835). Henry was a proponent of the peace movement and in 1834 wrote the pamphlet ...

Article

Hodges, George (1856-1919), clergyman and educator  

Gardiner H. Shattuck

Hodges, George (06 October 1856–27 May 1919), clergyman and educator, was born in Rome, New York, the son of George Frederick Hodges and Hannah Elizabeth Ballard. Hodges received his bachelor’s degree from Hamilton College in 1877. After teaching for a year in London, Ontario, Canada, he entered St. Andrew’s Divinity School in Syracuse, New York. Dissatisfied with the instruction he received there, he transferred to Berkeley Divinity School in Middletown, Connecticut, from which he graduated in 1881. During his final year in seminary, he also served at a small Episcopal parish in South Glastonbury, Connecticut. He was ordained a deacon in the Episcopal church in 1881 and a priest the next year. Called to be an assistant minister at Calvary Church in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, in 1881, Hodges was placed in charge of St. Stephen’s, a mission congregation under Calvary’s care. He married Anna Sargent Jennings in 1881, and they had two children. After the death of his first wife in 1897, he married Julia Shelley in 1901. They had three children....

Article

Lowell, Robert Traill Spence (1816-1891), Episcopal priest, educator, and author  

Donald S. Armentrout

Lowell, Robert Traill Spence (08 October 1816–12 September 1891), Episcopal priest, educator, and author, was born in Boston, Massachusetts, the son of the Reverend Charles Lowell, a Unitarian minister, and Harriett Brackett Spence. He attended the Round Hill School, Northampton, Massachusetts, 1823–1828, where he studied with Joseph Green Cogswell, the founder of the school, and ...

Article

Madison, James (1749-1812), college president and first bishop of the Episcopal church in Virginia  

Carolyn S. Whittenburg

Madison, James (27 August 1749–06 March 1812), college president and first bishop of the Episcopal church in Virginia, was born near the town of Staunton, Virginia, the son of John Madison, a planter, and Agatha Strother. A second cousin of U.S. president James Madison...

Article

Montgomery, James Alan (1866-1949), Semitist and clergyman  

Cyrus H. Gordon

Montgomery, James Alan (13 June 1866–06 February 1949), Semitist and clergyman, was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the son of Thomas Harrison Montgomery and Anna Morton. In 1887 he graduated with a B.A. degree from the University of Pennsylvania, where in 1904 he also received his Ph.D., having specialized in biblical Hebrew. During the same period he studied theology at the Philadelphia Divinity School from which he was graduated in 1890 and became a deacon of the Protestant Episcopal church. In 1893 he was consecrated as a priest. That same year he married Mary Frank Owen; they had no children. He was a curate at the Church of the Holy Communion in New York City in 1892–1893; at St. Paul’s in West Philadelphia from 1893 to 1895; and at St. Peter’s in Philadelphia from 1895 to 1899. From 1899 until 1903 he was rector of the Church of the Epiphany in Germantown, also serving as assistant editor of the ...

Article

Newton, Joseph Fort (1876-1950), Baptist, Universalist, and Episcopal minister, lecturer, and author  

Henry Warner Bowden

Newton, Joseph Fort (21 July 1876–24 January 1950), Baptist, Universalist, and Episcopal minister, lecturer, and author, was born in Decatur, Texas, the son of Lee Newton, a Baptist minister and lawyer, and Sue Green Battle. Raised according to the rigid doctrinal standards and strict moral code in place among Texas Baptists at the turn of this century, much of Newton’s life was a pilgrimage in search of gentler, more open-ended religious insight. Largely self-educated, he learned classical languages and literature with his mother’s help, and in 1895 he was ordained a Baptist minister. Later that year he entered Southern Baptist Theological Seminary in Louisville, Kentucky, where his predilection for a liberalized religious perspective became more intensified. He read widely, learning more from poets and critical essayists than from the formal syllabus prescribed for divinity students. Newton searched for a faith that could satisfy the mind while it sanctified the heart. He grew increasingly dissatisfied with theological tenets that separated churches, and in 1897 he left both the seminary and the denomination because he found sectarian exclusiveness to be absurd and reactionary dogmas embarrassing....

Article

Otey, James Hervey (1800-1863), first Episcopal bishop of Tennessee and first chancellor of the University of the South  

Arthur Ben Chitty

Otey, James Hervey (27 January 1800–23 April 1863), first Episcopal bishop of Tennessee and first chancellor of the University of the South, was born in Bedford County, Virginia, the son of Isaac Otey and Elizabeth Mathews, farmers. He was graduated from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 1820 and stayed on as tutor in ancient languages for another year. Religion had little influence on his early life, but his duties required that he conduct morning chapel. Obtaining a copy of the Episcopal Book of Common Prayer, he found that it met his spiritual needs, and in the next six years he completed his studies for the Episcopal priesthood under the tutelage of future Bishop William Mercer Green of Mississippi, then the chaplain of the university at Chapel Hill, and ...

Article

Perry, William Stevens (1832-1898), Episcopalian bishop and historiographer  

Donald S. Armentrout

Perry, William Stevens (22 January 1832–13 May 1898), Episcopalian bishop and historiographer, was born in Providence, Rhode Island, the son of Stephen Perry and Katherine Whittemore Stevens. As a young man he served as parish clerk, Sunday school superintendent, and lay reader at Grace Church in Newton, Massachusetts. He studied at Brown University for a time and then graduated from Harvard University in 1854, where he received an A.B. He then studied at the Protestant Episcopal Theological Seminary in Alexandria, Virginia, but never graduated. He read theology with the Reverend Alexander Hamilton Vinton of Boston, Massachusetts, a leader of the Episcopal church’s Broad Church party, which stressed ecumenical activity and inclusivity. He was ordained a deacon on 29 March 1857, at Grace Church in Newton. He was ordained a priest on 7 April 1858 at St. Paul’s Church in Boston, where he served as assistant minister (1857–1858). From 1858 until 1861 he was rector of St. Luke’s Church in Nashua, New Hampshire, and then from 1861 until 1863 he was rector of St. Stephen’s Church in Portland, Maine, where he married Sara Abbott Woods in 1862; they had no children. His last two parochial positions were as rector of St. Michael’s Church in Litchfield, Connecticut (1864–1869) and as rector of Trinity Church in Geneva, New York (1869–1876)....

Article

Potter, Eliphalet Nott (1836-1901), educator and Episcopal clergyman  

Bruce Leslie

Potter, Eliphalet Nott (20 September 1836–06 February 1901), educator and Episcopal clergyman, was born in Schenectady, New York, the son of Alonzo Potter, an Episcopal clergyman, and Sarah Maria Nott. When his father became bishop of the Diocese of Pennsylvania the family moved to Philadelphia, where the younger Potter attended the Protestant Episcopal Academy. He then entered the preparatory department of St. James College, Maryland, but rather than matriculate in college he chose to spend two years as a sailor. That experience led him to wish to do missionary work with sailors, but Potter’s father insisted that he enroll in college. He returned to Schenectady to enroll at Union College and graduated in 1861. He spent the next year studying theology at Berkeley Divinity School in Middletown, Connecticut. He then served brief stints as a chaplain in the Union army and as a missionary in the Lehigh valley of Pennsylvania before being named rector of the Church of the Nativity in South Bethlehem. He remained in that post for seven years (1862–1869), but in that time his career turned toward education....

Article

Russell, James Solomon (1857-1935), educator and priest  

Arthur Ben Chitty

Russell, James Solomon (20 December 1857–28 March 1935), educator and priest, was born on the Hendrick Estate in Mecklenburg County near Palmer Springs, Virginia. His father, Solomon, and his mother, Araminta (maiden name unknown), both lived as slaves on adjoining properties, with the North Carolina state line between them. With the ambiguity of slave status following ...

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Schereschewsky, Samuel Isaac Joseph (1831-1906), Episcopal bishop and translator  

Donald S. Armentrout

Schereschewsky, Samuel Isaac Joseph (06 May 1831–15 October 1906), Episcopal bishop and translator, was born in Tauroggen, Russian Lithuania, the son of Samuel Joseph Schereschewsky and Rosa Salvatha. His father was of the Ashkenazic and his mother of the Sephardic Jews. Both of his parents, about whom little is known, died when he was a boy, and he was raised by a half brother and his wife, who wanted him to become a rabbi. From about 1846 to 1850 he studied at the rabbinical schools at Krazi and Zhitomir, Russia. From 1852 to 1854 he studied at the University of Breslau, Germany. At Zhitomir and Breslau his interest in Christianity was aroused by missionaries of the London Society for Promoting Christianity among the Jews, but it probably was his study of a Hebrew translation of the New Testament that convinced him that Jesus had fulfilled the messianic prophecies of the Hebrew Bible (or Old Testament)....

Article

Stokes, Anson Phelps (1874-1958), clergyman, educator, and historian  

Earl H. Brill

Stokes, Anson Phelps (13 April 1874–13 August 1958), clergyman, educator, and historian, was born in New Brighton, Staten Island, New York, the son of Anson Phelps Stokes, a banker, and Helen Louisa Phelps. He graduated from Yale with a B.A. degree in 1896 and, having inherited a large fortune from his maternal grandfather, Isaac Newton Phelps, spent the following year traveling abroad, mostly in East Asia. Upon his return, he enrolled in the Episcopal Theological School in Cambridge, Massachusetts, to study for the Episcopal ministry. Before his graduation, however, ...

Article

Wylie, Andrew (1789-1851), college president and pastor  

B. Edward McClellan

Wylie, Andrew (12 April 1789–11 November 1851), college president and pastor, was born in Washington, Pennsylvania, the son of Adam Wylie, an immigrant from county Antrim, Ireland, and a farmer in Fayette County in western Pennsylvania (his mother’s name is not known). A studious child, Wylie was educated at home and in local schools. At age fifteen he entered Jefferson College (Cannonsburg, Pa.), supporting himself in part by teaching in nearby schools. He graduated with honors in 1810 and was appointed tutor at the college. Two years later he became its president. He was licensed to preach in 1812 and ordained in the Presbyterian ministry in 1813. That year he married Margaret Ritchie; they had twelve children....